Friday, 7 November 2025

Copenhagen 5

 It Looks Like A Tram ...

... but Copenhagen calls it a 'Letbane' - Light Railway. Google  does offer a Danish word for 'tram' - 'sporvogn' which literally means "track wagon"! So you can see why Copenhagen uses a nicer word!

The southern section of the route opened on 26th October with much rejoicing, ceremony ...

... and goody bags!

Next year, when the rest is complete, the tracks will continue to follow "Cityring 3", a major dual carriageway road running south to north well to the west of the city centre.
You should be able to match the route map above with the yellow road following a similar path on the road map below.
Here is the opened section in a bit more detail ...
... and here is the track plan at Ishoj, the southern terminus.
The 'goody bag' picture was taken at Ishoj. 

Because the line is so new, Streetview has yet to catch up, so most locations show tram tracks and stations under construction.  But we do have a view of the tram from the Ishoj S-bane station building.
Note the adjoining bus station, of course!

One of the purposes of this wholly suburban route is to offer better orbital interchange with the 'S-bane' suburban network; thus the tram stop at Vallensbaek also provides a meet-up with heavy rail.
A pre-opening 'artist's impression' does show the stop as well lit and almost inviting ...
... although there is a bit of a walk to find the big railway; along a well lit footpath.
But by far the best station for tram fun is Glostrup, also connecting with the S-bane network.
The map above gives a clue as to the arrangements. Travelling northwards, the tram tracks veer from the central reservation, crossing the northbound carriageway to achieve a triangular junction leading eastbound to the tram stop and station.
Likewise a similar repeated interruption of road traffic happens in the other direction.
The tram now runs alongside the heavy rail to a mini terminus with bus interchange as well. Below is a view of the triangle looking towards the stop and stations.
Of course there is a bus station as well!
fbb thinks the term is "integrated transport"! 

The overhead wiring presents a fearsome collection of knitting somewhat exaggerated by a long distance lens!
There is a scissors crossover on the approach to the platforms ...
... so trams can get from everywhere to everywhere. And that includes a third platform alongside the main island. Below a tram, during the testing phase, runs into the "platform 3".
fbb guesses that the extra track is there to provide flexibility in operation if things go awry; which, being Denmark, they usually don't!

The video from pre-public operation training gives us a chance to see the signalling at work. The principles are similar to UK tram signals, but the actual signal display is different. Here is a stop signal ...
... then we have go straight ahead ...
... and taking a branch at pointwork.
In the UK, most systems use a pattern of dots.
But back to Glostrup station! Here, again, there is quite a walk, past the bus station towards the traditional station building, there beyond the hoardings.
But the splendid buildings are no longer in use as a passenger entrance ...
... something more modern and more modest suffices for 'commuter' needs.
Under normal circumstances S-bane trains use one of the two island platforms. In the past the other two were served by longer distance trains. 

Access is by a clean and well lit subway.
Of course there is a lift and escalators ...
... and toilets are, again of course, free.
Back to the tram!

After all this rail based richness of experience, the temporary northern terminus is a bit of a damp squib.  The trams (and the tracks) just stop ...
... but have no fear dear Danish tram travellers, the rest of the line is due to open next year and, being Denmark, it will!

Public transport is done proper in Copenhagen.

A glimpse at Copenhagen bus services will follow, possibly as part of the weekend blogs.

 Next Variety blog : Saturday 8th Nov 

Thursday, 6 November 2025

Copenhagen 4

Small But Perfectly Formed

Fully automatic from day 1, with no driver and platform doors ...
... Copenhagen's underground system (Metro) is a relatively new apparition under and above the streets of the city.
The political and financial history of the system is long, complex and fraught with heated debate. Suffice it to say that the original cunning plan was for a network of street level trams. This progressed well until locals realised that it would disrupt the city massively in the construction phase and, once operational, would be an intrusion into the historic areas, a pain in the accelerator for motorists and a spreader of death fear for the city's thousands of cyclists.

So plan B was for an underground system. 

Even then there was controversy as many wanted the whole thing to be underground, whilst common sense and and the need for financial prudence would take the trains into the fresh air where such construction was easy.

The net result is the network you see below.
Lines M1 (GREEN) and M2 (YELLOW) were opened in stages in 2002 and 2003 using sections of heavy rail line where practicable. The southern sections are mainly on viaduct in the open air  ...
... coming up to breathe quite close to the city centre. Here is M1 courtesy of Google earth ...
... coming up to breathe before running to its terminus ...
... where a sharp U turn takes stock to the depot.

Similarly, M2 appears from the depths and runs in a deep cutting ...
... before climbing on to its viaduct to terminate at the airport.
The Metro did not reach the Airport until 2007! 

This section used an existing heavy rail line to its new terminus on the northern edge of the airport.
In the west ...
... the Metro shares stops with the S-bane before veering off on its own trajectory to get to the central train station.
Most of this western arm is above ground.

The M3 line (RED) is completely underground. The service began in 2019 ...

... with a short branch to the north which was to become line M4 (BLUE) opening a year later. Orientkaj, the final station on the northern M4 in a developing former docklands area, is the only station that is above ground.
There are proposals to extend M4 further into the area as redevelopment progresses. But even this is the subject of further debate of unknown temperature. Will it just be a couple of stops further ...
... or something more complex?
The (current) southern section opened last year.

Next, but still very much in the planning stage, is M5 (PURPLE). To understand this, and to get some geographical context, we need to go to the entrance to the huge Copenhagen Harbour.

The hstoric Trekoner Fort ...
...  was built from 1787, replacing an earlier, less structured structure dating from 1717.

So the idea is to reclaim a great slab of land beyond the fort as shown here ...
... spot the fort! Apparently the land grab is to "protect the city against rising sea levels", although quite how adding an extra urban extension can stop the sea rising is unclear! On a more positive front the coastal lands are to be developed as "a glorious beach and foreshore" area.
A cynical fbb suspects that one motive for the extension is to provide port facilities for the bigger and even bigger cargo vessels so vital for international trade.

Be that as it may, there has been a presentation ..

... showing M5 running in to the new reclaimed land which is sweetly named Lynetteholm.
There's lovely. 

Plans suggest delivery in 2036, but, as new land isn't built up yet, that date seems highly speculative.

Even more speculative is a Metro line in tunnel across the sea to Malmo in Sweden.

This is to relieve pressure on the Oresund Bridge which opened in year 2000 and is already getting full up!

Time will tell how both projects progress, but the M5 line looks the more likely of the two  eventually!

For the time being the best views are from the front with no boring driver and cab obscuring the view.

Tomorrow, buses and trams.

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Fireworks Part 2 answers.

7 : Guide

8. Warm

9. Protect

10. Strength

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 Next Copenhagen blog : Friday 7 Nov